Tag Archives: Curators

The 2026 Venice Biennale Will Honor Koyo Kouoh’s Vision With “In Minor Keys”

The central pavilion, which last year hosted “Kapewe Pukeni” by MAHKU (Movimento dos Artistas Huni Kuin). Photo by AVZ. Courtesy of La Biennale di Venezia.

The 61st edition of the Venice Biennale will proceed as planned, despite the sudden passing of curator Koyo Kouoh. More importantly, it will still be guided by Kouoh’s vision, Cristiana Costanzo, the Biennale’s lead press officer, announced today (May 27) at a press conference at the historic Sala delle Colonne in Ca’ Giustinian. Titled “In Minor Keys,” the 2026 Venice Biennale will be realized thanks in part to the efforts of a multicultural team of advisors with whom Kouoh was already working closely: curators Gabe Beckhurst Feijoo, Marie Helena Pereira and Rasha Salti, critic and editor-in-chief Siddhartha Mitter, and assistant Rory Tsapayi.

The Biennale chose to move ahead with Kouoh’s curatorial concept based on a comprehensive proposal she submitted on April 8 that included theoretical texts, artist selections, spatial design, visual identity and catalogue contributions—with the “full support of Koyo Kouoh’s family,” Costanzo said. “We are realizing her exhibition as she designed it, as she imagined it, as she gave it to me personally,” added Pietrangelo Buttafuoco, the Biennale’s president. “La Biennale is doing today what it has been doing for 100 years.”

As the musically inspired title suggests, the artistic framework for the upcoming edition promises to showcase intimate and introspective forms of listening, contemplation, exchange and understanding that can counter the overwhelming and disorienting oversaturation of our turbulent times. In Kouoh’s words, the exhibition will be “a polyphonous assembly of art… convening and communing in convivial collectivity, beaming across the void of alienation and the crackle of conflict.”

According to Rasha Salti, Kouoh envisioned a biennial that “refuses orchestral bombast,” rejecting both the grandiosity of today’s major global art events and society’s performative behaviors. She imagined the Biennale as a call to decelerate—to “take a deep breath. Exhale. Drop your shoulders. And close your eyes.”

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“I am tired. People are tired. We are all tired. The world is tired. Even art itself is tired,” wrote Kouoh in a 2022 text read by Rory Tsapayi near the end of the press conference. It’s evidence that the curator had long been aware of the need for a shift in how art is produced, circulated and experienced for it to retain impact in today’s world. “Perhaps the time has come. We need something else,” she wrote. “We need to heal. We need to laugh. We need to be with beauty, and lots of it. We need to play, we need to be with poetry. We need to be with love again. We need to dance. We need to rest and restore. We need to breathe. We need the radicality of joy. The time has come.”

Kouoh’s presence was acutely felt at the press conference, which opened with a video of the curator smiling and continued with tributes and readings that echoed her remarkable personality and vision. The tone grew emotional when Buttafuoco recalled Kouoh asking whether she could tell her mother upon learning she had been selected to curate the 2026 Biennale.

In a speech following her appointment last December, Kouoh expressed her desire to shape an exhibition that would “carry meaning for the world we currently live in and, most importantly, for the world we want to make.” For her, artists were visionaries and social scientists—figures capable of helping us reflect on and imagine alternative solutions for a better future.

A Venice Biennale “In Minor Keys”

True to her curatorial approach, she conceived the Biennale as an invitation to listen to minor voices and tonalities, a metaphor for attending to microrealities, alternative forms of knowledge and wisdom, ancestral memories and overlooked geographies, often revealed through personal stories eclipsed by dominant historical narratives to rediscover the essence of being human. With an emphasis on “the sensory, the affective and the subjective,” as Beckhurst Feijoo explained, the upcoming Biennale will spotlight artists whose practices “seamlessly bleed into society,” standing in opposition to the “spectacle of horror” and global chaos. This curatorial proposition turns the exhibition itself into an exercise in listening to the minor keys (“the sotto voce” signals of potential change) and to artists as agents of that change. The minor keys are sonic, social and spatial metaphors for attuning to faint but enduring voices of resistance, to frequencies of care and beauty—an invitation “to find the oases, the islands, where the dignity of all living beings is regarded.”

Today’s conference indicated that the curatorial ethos of the 2026 Venice Biennale will likely align with that of other recent biennials, including the Sharjah Biennial (“to carry”) and the Boston Triennial (“Exchange”), which have increasingly embraced a polyphonous exhibition model as a platform to gather, preserve and amplify alternative forms of knowledge, more intimate modes of sense-making, ancestral memory and decentered micro-geographical and micronarrative realities.

All details of the Biennale—including the list of artists invited to the international exhibition, the graphic identity, the exhibition design and the list of participating countries—will be announced on Wednesday, February 25, 2026. In the meantime, several nations have already announced the artists taking over their national pavilions: Henrike Naumann and Sung Tieu for Germany, curated by Kathleen Reinhardt; Yto Barrada (an artist of Moroccan descent who recently exhibited a sculpture in MoMA PS1’s open-air atrium) for France, and 2017 Turner Prize winner Lubaina Himid for Great Britain. The U.S. has yet to reveal its pick, and concerns have been raised over how the cultural agenda of the Trump administration might shape the decision—particularly what kind of narrative the country might choose to present at one of the world’s largest, most influential and most political international art exhibitions.



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The Line Goes on Forever: De Kooning at Gagosian

An installation view of the exhibition “Willem de Kooning: Endless Painting” at Gagosian. Photograph by Maris Hutchinson. Artwork © 2025 The Willem de Kooning Foundation/ Artists Rights society (ARS, New York

Alongside Jackson Pollock, Willem de Kooning has long been considered one of the twin pillars of abstract expressionism. But his most cited works, his Woman series of six canvases, are figurative, not abstract, though they’re plenty expressionist. If it’s true abstraction you’re after, look no further than his ribbon paintings of the 1980s. Cool colors and an emphasis on negative space reflect sobriety and comfortable rural living in the Hamptons. But even here, if you look close enough, you’ll find figurative elements.

“It highlights the cyclical nature of his practice hovering between abstraction and figuration, which he never abandoned,” curator Cecilia Alemani tells Observer about her show, “Willem de Kooning: Endless Painting” at Gagosian’s Chelsea gallery. “I tried to create a dialog starting from the forties to the eighties.”

De Kooning constantly references his earlier works, which he kept next to his easel while he painted. If he didn’t have the original on hand, he made photocopies of images. A long-time alcoholic, it wasn’t his razor-sharp memory that repeated a graceful arc or contour on the tip of his brush. And it wasn’t muscle memory either. He used vellum, traced and cut against earlier paintings, importing lines and shapes to later works.

Willem de Kooning, Woman as Landscape, 1954–55; Oil and charcoal on canvas. Maris Hutchinson (Photographer)

“I like the idea of searching for the figures, especially in the 1980s paintings. They’re considered pure abstraction, but as soon as you start reading them through this system of forms, you actually recognize an elbow, a foot, a torso,” Alemani says of the show, which includes two from the Woman series. “I was looking for thematic memory in works that are seemingly abstract.”

The wavy arms of Untitled XIV from 1986 echo the outspread limbs of Standing Figure, a massive bronze sculpture. These, along with the flesh-colored dysmorphic shapes of Montauk II from 1969, or the hint of a facial profile in …Whose Name Was Writ in Water, painted six years later, illustrate Alemani’s theory.

The child of a broken home in Rotterdam, de Kooning left school in 1916 to apprentice in a commercial artist firm, attending night classes at the Academie van Beeldende Kunsten en Technische Wetenschappen (later renamed in his honor). He came to the U.S. as a stowaway, hoping to become a magazine illustrator. Within a year, he landed in Manhattan, supporting his art habit with carpentry and side gigs doing illustrations. As he became a fixture in the art scene, he counted Arshile Gorky as a mentor.

“With Gorky you can certainly see the influence in the use of the line,” says Alemani. “The painting in the show called ‘Bill-Lee’s Delight’ from 1946 (oil on paper mounted on masonite), you see Gorky, you see Picasso, some surrealism. That’s a very special painting that talks about the influence Gorky had.”

Beyond the Woman series, the distaff half figures prominently in de Kooning’s practice. Who is pictured is anyone’s guess since he insisted they’re not portraits of people he knew. “They’re actually self-portraits of him, not Elaine (his wife), or other partners he had,” notes Alemani. “I think he was looking at the image of women he saw in the American consumerist society around billboards and magazines, especially in the post-war period. I think that was a bigger influence.”

Willem de Kooning, Montauk II, 1969; Oil on paper mounted on canvas. Maris Hutchinson (photographer)

Elaine de Kooning was also a painter. Together, they fought the bottle and each other amid the besotted jealousy of an open marriage. She left him in 1957 after 14 years, but came back into his life in 1976. “They weren’t a couple anymore, but she really helped him,” says Alemani. “I think that’s why he made many more paintings than in previous decades.”

His output is prolific, but his sculptures are few. While visiting an artist friend in Rome who had access to a foundry, de Kooning made some figures, two of which are in the show—Clamdigger, a human-sized piece from 1972—and Standing Figure, a large-scale bronze made over 15 years beginning in 1969.

“When he painted, he would scrape here, scratch there, erase the composition every single day,” Alemani says of de Kooning’s tortured process. “But with clay, you can go back and completely remodel it the following day. I think he enjoyed the materiality of sculpture. ‘Standing Figure’ is impressive indoors because it’s meant for outdoors, and it’s the first time in thirty years it has been brought in. I think it does something really special to the paintings. There is something sensual and physical about having that giant object in the space.”

Some of de Kooning’s paintings have sold for record prices. In 2006, David Geffen sold Woman III for $137.5 million. He later sold Interchange for $300 million, the highest price paid for a painting until Leonardo da Vinci’s Salvator Mundi fetched $450 million at auction in 2017.

The Gagosian exhibition traces de Kooning’s evolving visual language from the 1940s through the 1980s, including rarely seen sculptures and late paintings. Photograph by Maris Hutchinson. Artwork © 2025 The Willem de Kooning Foundation/ Artists Rights society (ARS, New York

The Gagosian show includes six paintings made in the 1980s, the latest from 1986. Before his death 11 years later, it was revealed that he suffered from Alzheimer’s, starting in the 1980s.

“He lived such a long life,” Alemani says of the artist, who died at age 92. “He went through so many different periods and eras. I sometimes think the discussions about him get stuck on the Woman series. But his compositions are so sophisticated and powerful, the way he scraped the canvas each night and the layering, the technical aspects and the general composition and the mastery of color and light… It’s said that he enjoyed being in the studio, alone with his paintings.”

Willem de Kooning: Endless Painting” is showing through June 14, 2025, at Gagosian’s 555 West 24th Street gallery.



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